府会关系视野下的美国反倾销政策变迁

The Executive-Legislative Relations and the Evolution of U.S. Anti-dumping Policy

美国白宫与国会的互动关系是观察美国反倾销政策变化的重要视角。一般而言,"分裂政府"的反倾销政策比"一致政府"的反倾销政策更具有保护主义色彩。在"分裂政府"的府会关系模式下,执掌白宫的党派常会被主导国会的另一党派施压,政党理念让位于府会斗争,反倾销政策主要受府会斗争影响。在"一致政府"的府会关系模式下,政党理念会超越府会斗争,反倾销政策主要受政党理念影响。20世纪70年代以来,与共和党主导的"一致政府"相比,民主党主导的"一致政府"的贸易政策更具有保护主义特性,对反倾销政策的执行会诉诸更严厉的保护主义措施。

Executive-Legislative relationship is a significant perspective to review the evolution of U.S. anti-dumping policy. Generally,a divided government is more protectionist than a unified government in anti-dumping policy. Within the 'Divided Government'model,the party ruling in Whitehouse is under great pressure from another party leading in the Congress. Political party's policies may give way to executive-legislative disputes. The anti-dumping policy is mainly affected by executive-legislative disputes. Within the 'Unified Government'model,political party's policies may surpass executivelegislative disputes. The anti-dumping policy is mainly influenced by political party's belief. Since the 1970 s,Democrats-led unified governments have been more protectionist in anti-dumping policy than Republicans-ledunified governments have. It may resort to harsher protectionist measures in implementing anti-dumping policy.