应激强度与应激预期时长对个体反应抑制能力的影响

Effects of stress intensity and expected duration of stress on the inhibition ability of individual re-sponses to stress

目的：考察应激强度与应激预期时长对个体反应抑制能力的影响。方法选择呼吸内科住院病人60例，其中男性31例，女性29例。根据是否接受有创医学检查分为高应激组和低应激组，每组30人。再以抽签的方式将每组被试随机分为急性预期组与慢性预期组各15人。分别于检查前2 h和24 h进行检查风险告知。运用VAS视觉模拟评分表与停止信号任务分别检测各组被试风险告知后的心理恐惧程度和反应抑制能力，并进行对比分析。结果（1）与低应激组比较，高应激组被试心理恐惧评分显著增高[分别为（0．80±1．24）分，（3．90±2．71）分]，差异有统计学意义[ F （1，58）＝30．16， P＜0．01]；急、慢性预期组被试心理恐惧评分比较[分别为（2．60±2．90）分，（2．10±2．41）分]，差异无统计学意义[ F（1，58）＝0．785， P＞0．05]；应激强度与应激预期时长对被试心理恐惧水平的交互作用无统计学意义[ F（1，58）＝0．031， P＞0．05]。（2）在停止信号任务中，与低应激组比较，高应激组信号执行错误率明显增加[分别为（8．30±12．60）％，（9．40±5．80）％]，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。与慢性预期组比较，急性预期组信号执行反应时显著延长[分别为（588．24±127．10）ms，（677．25±201．26）ms]，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）；400 ms停止信号错误率显著降低[分别为（70．00±23．80）％，（57．00±26．00）％]，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。应激强度与应激预期时长交互效应无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论应激强度与应激预期时长对个体反应抑制能力的影响不存在交互作用。应激强度较应激预期时长对个体反应抑制能力具有更为重要的影响作用。

Objective To investigate the effects of stress intensity and the expected duration of stress on the inhibition ability of individual responses to stress. Methods A total of 60 cases of hospitalized patients in respiratory department were selected in the study,including 31 male cases and 29 female cases. Incorporated patients were divided into the high-stress group and the low-stress group （ 30 cases in each group） according to whether the patient accepted a invasive examination or not. Then,within each group,pa-tients were further randomly sub-divided into the acute expectation group and the chronic expectation group （ 15 cases in each group） in the form of a lottery. Detection risk disclosure was conducted at 2 hours and at 24 hours before the examination. Visual analogue scale （ VAS） and stop-signal task were used to detect the level of psychological fear and the inhibition ability of individual responses to stress of each group following informing of the detection risk,and the comparative analysis was conducted afterwards. Results （ 1） The score of psychological fear in the high-stress group was significantly increased when compared to the low-stress group （（3.90±2.71） vs （0.80±1.24））,showing statistical difference （F（1,58）=30.16, P〈0.01）;addi-tionally,there was no statistical difference in the score of psychological fear in subjects between the acute and chronic expectation group （（2.60±2.90） vs （2.10±2.41）;F（1,58）=0.785, P〉0.05）;meanwhile,no statisti-cal difference of the interaction between stress intensity and the expected duration of stress on the level of psychological fear （F（1,58）=0.031, P〉0.05）. （2） As for stop-signal task,the signal execution error rate of the high-stress group was significantly increased than that in the low-stress group （（9.40±5.80）%vs （8.30± 12.60）%）,and the statistical difference was significant （P〈0.01）.Signal execution responses duration was obviously prolonged in the acute expectation group than that in the chronic expectation group （（677.25±201. 26）ms vs （588.24±127.10）ms）,and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）; meanwhile,stop-signal error rate at 400 ms was significantly decreased （（57.00±26.00）% vs （70.00±23.80）%）,and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. There was no statistical significance in the interaction be-tween stress intensity and the expected duration of stress （P〉0.05） . Conclusion There is no interaction be-tween the effect of the stress intensity and the expected duration of stress on the inhibition ability of individu-al responses to stress. The stress intensity is more important than the expected duration of stress to exert more important influence in the inhibition ability of individual responses to stress.