华北棉区主要害虫抗药性监测与治理技术示范

Insecticide resistance monitoring and management demonstration of major insect pests in the main cotton-growing areas of northern China

【目的】华北地区转基因Bt棉大面积种植后,刺吸式口器害虫已成为棉花主要害虫。本研究旨在监测明确棉花主要害虫对田间常用杀虫剂抗性水平变化,以指导田间合理用药。【方法】2013-2015年分别采用叶片药膜法和点滴法系统监测了河北省邱县、山东省滨州市、河南省西华县棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera、棉蚜Aphis gossypii、绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum对常用杀虫药剂的抗性动态变化情况。【结果】棉铃虫对辛硫磷、高效氯氟氰菊酯抗性呈上升趋势,抗性倍数都在20倍以上,对甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐从敏感状态转为中等水平抗性,抗性倍数在10倍以上。棉蚜对杀虫剂抗性水平都比较高,特别是对氧化乐果、高效氯氰菊酯、吡虫啉都已产生了高水平抗性,抗性倍数都在100倍以上。绿盲蝽对吡虫啉从敏感状态转为中等水平抗性,抗性倍数在10倍以上,对马拉硫磷、灭多威等药剂抗性倍数还维持在10倍以下,对高效氯氟氰菊酯只监测到滨州种群产生了中等水平的抗性,抗性倍数达到了95倍。在明确棉花害虫抗药性水平的基础上,对山东滨州棉花害虫实施了以轮换用药为主的抗性治理示范,示范区比农户自防对照区减少3次用药,增加棉花产量7.53%,节本增收109.16元,取得了较好的示范效果和经济效益。【结论】当前华北棉区主要害虫抗性水平上升,急需开展以轮换用药为主的抗性治理措施。

【Aim】Sucking insect pests have become the major cotton pests since transgenic Bt cotton was widely planted in the northern areas of China. The objective of this study is to make clear the status of insecticide resistance of the major cotton pests,so as to advise farmers to scientifically control insect pests. 【Methods】Dynamic changes in insecticide resistance of Helicoverpa armigera,Aphis gossypii and Apolygus lucorum from Qiuxian County in Hebei Province,Binzhou City in Shandong Province,Xihua County in Henan Province were monitored from 2013 to 2015 using leaf dipping method and topical application method, respectively. 【Results 】 The resistance levels of H. armigera to phoxim and cyhalothrin increased to over 20-fold,and H. armigera became resistant to emamectin benzoate,with a resistance ratio of 10-fold. The resistance ratios of A. gossypii to omethoate, cypermethrin and imidacloprid were over 100-fold. For A. lucorum,although its resistance to imidacloprid increased from susceptible to over 10-fold in the Qiuxian and Binzhou populations,the resistance ratios to malathion and methomyl remained below 10-fold in all the detected populations. However,the Binzhou population of A.lucorum showed 95-fold resistance to cyhalothrin. According to the resistance monitoring results,a rotation-based resistance management strategy was established and implemented in the cotton demonstration areas in Binzhou City,Shandong Province. Compared with conventional farmer-decisive farm,the cotton demonstration areas obtained good benefits,characterized by a 3-fold reduction of pesticide application,a 7. 53% yield increase,and an extra income of 109. 16 Yuan per 667 m2.【Conclusion】Insecticide resistance of the major cotton insect pests in the northern areas of China has developed,and rotation-based resistance management strategies are needed.