空心村背景下乡村公共空间发展特征与重构策略——以邓州市桑庄镇为例

RESTRUCTURING THE RURAL PUBLIC SPACE IN THE CONTEXT OF RURAL HOLLOWING: A CASE STUDY OF SANGZHUANG TOWN IN DENGZHOU

在快速城镇化进程中,空心村已成为普遍现象。村庄空心化不仅造成用地浪费,也造成乡村社会失范,引发一系列社会问题。本研究以河南省邓州市桑庄镇为研究区,采取问卷调查与深度访谈相结合的研究方法,从村庄空心化带来的乡村公共空间变迁入手,讨论空心村背景下通过公共空间重构实现乡村社会结构优化的途径。以社会结构与空间结构互动为核心建立研究的理论线索,提出"乡村社会结构通过关系逻辑体现"、"社会结构影响空间结构"、"空间结构反作用于社会结构"三个基本假设,并通过实证研究加以验证和补充。

In process of urbanization, as population move to cities from countryside, rural hollowing extends rapidly all across China. Based on the field investigation in Sangzhuang town, Dengzhou city, this study em- ploys questionnaires and in-depth interviews as the methods to discuss the route of rural society optimization through restructuring public space. The interaction between society and space is key clue of the theoretical study, and three basic assumptions are put forward, as ＇the social structure is reflected by the logic of rela- tions＇, ＇the social structure impact on the spatial structure＇ and ＇the spatial structure react on the social struc- ture＇. Empirical research is organized to test and amend these assumptions. According to the field study, the change of power structure in rural society is mainly reflected by the decay of official authority and the strengthening of NGOs and able-persons. Changes in rural society not only cause a lot of problems, but also affect the pattern of public space though changing the logic of relations between villagers and other subjects. Meanwhile, rural public space has a reaction on rural social structure. By providing space for public activi- ties, rituals and cultural symbol, which are essential elements for family units and neighborhood units, rural public space in turn plays an influential part in shaping the social structure in rural communities. As the spa- tial structure has feedback on social structure, social structure could be optimized via public space restructur- ing. To build and govern rural public space in the context of village hollowing, the biggest obstacle lies in the imbalance of financial power and administrative power among grass-root units, resulting in less mobiliz- able resources for village collectives.