空心村村民居住生活空间特征及其优化重构——对河南邓州市8个村庄的调查

RESTRUCTURING OF RURAL RESIDENTIAL SPACE IN HOLLOW VILLAGE:A CASE STUDY OF EIGHT VILLAGES IN DENGZHOU

在空心村整治过程中,地方政府普遍重视通过土地整理和迁村并点实现用地集约,而忽视对村庄内部村民居住生活空间的优化。本文以邓州市桑庄镇8个村作为调研区域,对当地村民进行问卷调查和深度访谈,归纳出空心村背景下乡村居住生活空间的形态变化和利用模式,分析其反映出的乡村生活中的矛盾与问题,并在此基础上提出对乡村居住生活空间的重构思路,为空心村整治过程中乡村社区的重建与优化提供参考。

Rural hollowing is a serious problem in the process of urbanization in China. In village renovation, local governments tend to pay more attention on optimal land utilization instead of villagers＇ residential space restructuring, which leads to the degeneration of residential function in rural community. This study is based on the field investigation in 8 villages within Sangzhuang town, Dengzhou city, and employs the meth- ods of questionnaire and in-depth interview. Local government officers, village cadres and villagers are inter- viewed to listen to the current situation and demands of various stakeholders. And over 500 questionnaires are distributed to villagers living in different villages. The investigation results are well analyzed, and the spatial form and utilization of villager＇s residential space are presented. In the scale of village, villagers build- ing new house along highways leads to the old villages hollowing. And within the family dwellings, the spa- tial form of yards and central rooms changes significantly in recent years. The usage of residential space is largely influenced by agricultural activities, resulting in the inseparable productive function and living space, as well as a periodic change usage of residential space in rural areas. Apart from that, there distinctly exists ＂private＂- ＂half-private＂- ＂public＂ part within a residential space. Besides, the utilization of residential space is also changing along with villagers＇ life style. Firstly, small-scale peasant economy and its mode of produc- tion generate a demand for sideline operation space. Secondly, changes brought by urban employment in pop- ulation, economy Jand values lead to an increasing demand in living space as well as a change in ways of uti- lizing space. The arrangements of residential space reflect the problems and conflicts in rural life caused by traditional agricultural production mode and the rapid process of urbanization.