油田压裂废液对环境影响分析及处理技术

Environmental Effect Analysis and Treatment Technology of Oilfield Waste Fracturing Fluid

对于大部分低渗透油田来说,压裂工艺成为油田增产的主要技术手段。随着压裂技术的大面积的使用,压裂废液大量产出和排放,压裂废液的COD值高、粘度大、含油量高并且含有大量的瓜胶、甲醛、聚丙烯酰胺等添加剂及悬浮物,不能直接排放和回注。在过去的时期里,对压裂废液对环境影响的认识不足,处理技术研究和应用力度不强,近年来,由于国家环境保护的要求愈发严格,对压裂废液对环境影响和处理技术研究越来越受到重视,使之得到了长足发展。本文根据油田压裂技术应用、压裂废液产出和排放、压裂废液组成等研究状况,对油田压裂废液对环境影响进行了分析,并对油田压裂废液处理技术发展状况进行综述。

For most low permeability oilfields, fracturing technology has become the main technological way of oil production. With the wide use of the fracturing technology, the waste output of the fracturing is increasing. Because of high COD value and high viscosity, high oil concentration, high suspend solid content, even containing big amount of guar gum, formaldehyde, polyacrylamide and some other additives, it cannot be directly discharged and reinjected to the earth. In the past period, the influence of fracturing wastes to environment was not enough understood, study and application of treatment technologies were not fully paid attention to. Just in recent years, because national environmental protection requirements are increasingly strict, there has been an increasing attention on the treatment technology and the environment influence of fracturing wastes. In this paper, research on application of fracturing technology, output and emission of fracturing wastewater and composition of fracturing wastewater was introduced. The environmental effect of the fracturing wastewater was analyzed, and the development of fracturing wastewater treatment technology was reviewed.