南充市社区医务人员职业倦怠及其影响因素调查

Job burnout and related influencing factors in community medical staff in Nanchong, China

目的了解南充市社区医务人员职业倦怠情况及其影响因素。方法于2015年6至7月，采用随机整群抽样的方法抽取南充市社区卫生服务中心医务人员181人作为研究对象，应用中国职业倦怠量表（CMBI）测定其职业倦怠的水平。结果南充市社区医务人员的职业倦怠总检出率为95．0％，其中轻度倦怠119人（65．7％），中度倦怠44人（24．3％），重度倦怠9人（5．0％）。南充市社区医务人员职业倦怠不同年龄组比较，情感耗竭和成就感降低得分差异均有统计学意义（F=5．820、3．180，均P〈0．05）；不同工龄组比较，情感耗竭得分差异有统计学意义（F=2．909，P〈0．05）；不同职业类型间比较，成就感降低得分差异有统计学意义（F=5．797，P〈0．05），且护士得分最低。结论南充市社区医务人员职业倦怠发生率较高，以成就感降低为特征，发生职业倦怠的主要危险因素是高龄、工龄长，且护士更易发生职业倦怠。

Objective To investigate job burnout and related influencing factors in community medical staff in Nanchong, China. Methods From June to July, 2015, cluster random sampling was performed to select 181 medical staff members in Nanchong Community Health Service Center as study subjects. The Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory （CMBI） was used to measure the level of job burnout. Results The overall detection rate of job burnout in community medical staff in Nanchong was 95.0%, and among these staff members with job burnout, 119 （65.7%） had mild job burnout, 44 （24.3%） had moderate job burnout, and 9 （5.0%） had severe job burnout. There were significant differences in the scores of emotional exhaustion and reduced sense of personal accomplishmentbetween the medical staff members with different ages （F=5.820 and 3.180, both P〈0.05）. There was a significant difference in the score of emotional exhaustion between the medical staff members with different working years （F=2.909, P〈0.05）. There was also a significant difference in the score of reduced sense of personal accomplishment between the medical staff members with different types of work （F=5.797, P〈0.05）, and the nurses had the lowest score. Conclusion The medical staff members in Nanchong have a high incidence rate of job burnout, with the feature of reduced sense of personal accomplishment. An old age, long working years, and nursing occupation are major risk factors for job burnout.