基因改造的溶瘤痘病毒在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展

The Progress of Oncolytic Vaccinia Viruses Modified Genetically for the Tumor Treatment

目前,肿瘤的标准治疗包括手术、放射疗法、化学疗法、温热疗法和生物/免疫疗法。溶瘤病毒治疗,即利用病毒的复制能力,选择性感染和破坏肿瘤细胞,同时保留正常细胞和组织,是肿瘤生物/免疫治疗的一个新疗法。基因治疗一直是肿瘤生物治疗的重要策略,利用基因工程策略在溶瘤病毒载体上插入抗癌基因,将病毒治疗与基因治疗有机结合,成为具有很强杀伤作用的基因–病毒治疗手段。近年来,以溶瘤痘病毒为载体的肿瘤基因治疗受到较多关注,通过基因工程策略对痘病毒进行改造是提高其抗肿瘤作用的重要策略。目前,用于基因工程改造的溶瘤痘病毒主要有Wyeth株、WR(Western Reverse)株、Lister株、Copenhagen株和天坛株。该文就目前对痘病毒进行基因工程改造的常见形式以及经基因工程改造的痘病毒用于治疗肿瘤的研究进展作一综述。

Current tumor treatments include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, thermotherapy, and biological/immunological therapy. The use of oncolytic viruses for the tumor treatment is an emerging field of tumor therapy. Oncolytic virotherapy, which exploits replication-competent viruses to selectively infect and destroy tumorous cells while sparing normal cells and tissues, is an emerging therapy for the biological/immunological therapy of tumor. Gene therapy has always been an important strategy for the biological treatment of tumor. Making use of genetic engineering strategy to insert anti-tumor genes in oncolytic viral vector, and combining gene therapy with virotherapy become a gene-viro-therapy involved strong killing effect. Vaccinia virus has emerged as an attractive oncolytic virus vector especially when used as genetic therapy of tumor. It is a important strategy to modify vaccinia viruses through genetic engineering strategy which enhance their anti-tumor efficacy. At present,oncolytic vaccinia virus genetically modifies mainly based on the backbone of Wyeth strain, Western Reverse （WR） strain, Lister strain, Copenhagen strain and Tian Tan strain. This review addresses some of the common forms of genetically modified vaccinia viruses and describes the progress of genetically modified vaccinia virus vector based tumor therapy.