施用棉秆炭对新疆盐渍化土壤理化性质及作物产量的影响

Effects of Applying Cotton Stalk Biochar to Xinjiang Saline Soil on the Physical and Chemical Properties and Crop Yield

【目的】施用棉秆研制的生物炭,研究其对新疆盐渍化理化性状及作物产量的影响。【方法】采用高低两个水平一次性施入生物质炭,连续监测3年,分别测定2013年播种前、收获后与2014年收获后、2015年收获后的0~20 cm、20~40 cm土层的土壤田间持水量、容重与总盐,养分含量及作物产量。【结果】在三年四茬连作体系上施用生物炭提高土壤的田间持水量（平均每年提高2.63%~7.57%）,降低土壤容重（平均每年降低1.66%~2.18%）与土壤总盐含量（平均每年降低24.32%~28.06%）;提高土壤中原有养分含量促进作物生长,提高作物产量（平均每茬可提高25.52%~27.47%）。【结论】施用棉秆可有效改良新疆盐渍化土壤的理化性质,改善土壤特性,并在提高土壤质量的同时提高作物产量。

[ Objective ] This project aims to provide fundamental basis for improving the soil through ap- plying biochar into Xinjiang＇s moderate salinization sand soil and research the influence on soil properties. [ Method] Using high and low levels and fertilizing disposable biochar for three years on end, and then, deter- mining the soil field water holding capacity, soil bulk density and soil total salt of 0 -20 cm, 20 -40 cm layer and soil nutrient content, crop yield before sowing and after harvesting in 2013 and after harvesting in 2014 and 2015. [ Result] The use of biochar could improve distinctly the soil field capacity （average annual increase of 2.63% -7.57% ）, reduce soil bulk density （average annual decrease of 1.66% -2.18% ） and soil total salt （ average annual decrease of 24.32% - 28.06% ） , and enhance soil nutrient content, crop yield after 3 - year - 4 - time continuous cropping, and performance results varied each year （ average cropping can improve 25.52% -27.47% ）. [Conclusion]The application of bioehar can effectively improve the Xinjiang＇s saline soil, ameliorate the soil characteristics and enhance the quality of soil, thus increasing the crop yield.