以论为表,以叙为里——论说文与明清小说的框架设置

On the Argumentation and the Structure of the Novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties

在某些方面,论说文对明清小说的影响丝毫不亚于史传文。明清小说框架布局的设置就明显受到论说文结构法的深刻影响,如小说中常见的纲领法、立局法、总起总收、起承转合、大开大合、收结法等都来自论说文,这是明清文坛文章至上的浓厚风气影响小说创作的结果,也是宋明以来文章取士的科举制度影响下的一种文化现象。论说文结构法的运用对通俗小说的形态样貌产生了巨大的影响,突破了通俗小说的直线型结构模式,增强了小说文本构架的空间感和整体感,并增加了通俗小说的表意功能,塑造了明清小说以论为表,以叙为里的叙议并举的民族特色,更强化了通俗小说书面文学的特点,使小说与说书拉开了距离。

In some respect, the influence of the argumentation to the novel is better than the history essay. The structure of the novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties are deeply influenced by the structure method of the argumenta- tion. For example, the method of guiding principle, the method of composition, the method of termination ect, source from the argumentation. That is the consequenee of the styles of literary world and the examination system in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The argumentation＇ s structure method makes the novel break the straight line structure, enhances the novels＇ spatial sense and associative perception as well as the ideographic function. The characteristics of the novel as the written literature are strengthened, thus the novel and storytelling are separated.