灌溉用水效率评价指标及模型的探讨与应用

Discussion and Application of Evaluation Index and Model of Irrigation Water Efficiency

我国农业用水紧缺与浪费现象同时存在,提高农业用水效率对于缓解水资源危机、建设节水型社会具有重要意义。开展灌区农业用水效率评价是提高农业用水效率的基础工作。结合灌区农业用水过程及特点,提出了灌区农业用水效率评价指标体系,并运用主成分分析方法对指标进行降维处理,使指标体系更具科学性、合理性。在此基础上,运用数据包络分析理论,以每公顷农业用水情况作为投入因子、农作物每公顷净用水情况作为产出因子,应用于东北的中型灌区南崴子灌区,华北的大型灌区里自沽灌区,西北的中型灌区双树西灌区、小型灌区干桥湾灌区和山城渠灌区,使用DEAP软件进行测算,得出东北、华北、西北各典型灌区的用水效率情况,所得结论与实际灌区基本吻合,验证了数据包络分析方法在农田灌溉用水效率评价中的合理性和可行性。

With the shortage and wasting phenomenon of agricultural water co-existing in our country, it is of great signifi- cance to ease water crisis and build water-saving society through improving the efficiency of agricultural water using. It is a fundamental work to launch the agriculture water use efficiency evaluation in irrigation district for improving the efficiency of agricultural water. Based on the agricuhure water using process and characteristics, it is put forward of using efficiency evaluation index system of agriculture water in irrigation district, and the principal component analysis method is adopted to conduct dimensionality reduction on index, making the index system more reasonable and scientific. On this basis, with per hectare agricultural using water as inputs, crops per hectare net using water as output factors, the data envelopment analy- sis （DEA） theory is applied to the study and investigation of Nanwaizi irrigation area of medium-sized irrigation area in Northeast China, large-sized Lizigu irrigation area in North China, medium-sized Shuangshuxi irrigation area, small-sized ir- rigation areas, such as Ganqiaowan and Shanchengqu in Northwest of China. The water use efficiency is calculated through DEAP software in the typical irrigation areas of Northeast, North China and Northwest of China. And with the final calcula- tion basically being consistent with that of real irrigation areas, the rationality and feasibility is verified of the data envelop- ment analysis （DEA） method applied in the evaluation of irrigation water use efficiency.