小坑林场76株油茶优树的物候期及生长结实特点

Phenology and characteristics of growth and bearing of 76 superior plants in Camellia oleifera at Xiaokeng Forest Farm

为了了解外引油茶品种在广东的适生性和结实特性,从而为广东当地油茶品种的选择和栽培管理提供借鉴,对小坑林场2009年引进的76株油茶优树的几个关键物候期和生长结实特点进行了观测。结果表明：76株油茶优树总体生长表现良好,不同优树的营养生长与生殖生长性状表现间的差异均较大,株型表现有窄冠低矮型、窄冠中间型、宽冠高大型、宽冠中间型、高大中间型、低矮中间型及中间型等7种类型;抽梢早、中两个类型的优树自2月20~26日开始抽梢,抽梢期历时30~35 d,抽梢晚的优树自3月下旬开始抽梢,抽梢期历时仅有10~16 d;早花类型与晚花类型植株其始花期出现的早晚相差1个月,时间跨度大,多数品种的始花期集中在10月25日左右,其花期历时30~40 d;综合2014年单位冠幅产量、2015年幼果数及花芽量（用于预测2016年的产量）,筛选出了具有较高产量潜力的8、30、62、64、68号共5个油茶优株。

In order to understand the adaptability and bearing characteristics of the introduced clones of Camellia oleifera, and to provide some references for selection, cultivation and management of varieties, the key phenology and characteristics of growth and bearing of 76 superior plants in C oleifera introduced to Xiaokeng Forest Farm in 2009 were observed. The results showed that, 76 superior plants grew well, and characteristics of vegetative growth and reproductive growth performed bigger differences among 76 plants. There were seven tree types, including narrow crown and lower height type, narrow crown and middle height type, wide crown and high height type, wide crown and middle height type, middle crown and high height type, middle crown and low height type and middle type. The early and middle sprouting type of trees sprouted from February 20 to February 26, and lasted 30-35 days. Late sprouting type of trees sprouted in late march, and only lasted 10-16 days. Starting date of blooming period of the early-blooming type of trees was earlier one month than that of the late-blooming type of trees. Starting blooming periods of most clones concentrated in October 25, and blooming periods lasted 30-40 days. Based on the investigation of output per unit crown in 2014, number of young fruits and flower buds （used to predict production in 2016） in 2015, five superior plants with high yield potential were screened out, and they were No.8, No.30, No.62, No.64 and No.68.