短梗大参解剖学特性及生态学意义

Anatomical characteristics and its ecological significances of Macroanax rosthornii

为给短梗大参的栽培和推广利用提供科学依据,以短梗大参种子萌发幼苗和2年生实生苗为试验材料,利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对其根、茎和叶片的解剖结构及气孔进行了观测和分析。结果表明：短梗大参具有一般双子叶植物的解剖特征,其根、茎、叶表现出明显的喜湿阴特点：根毛稀少,根和茎木质部中导管数量较少,木质化程度也低,叶片角质层很薄,海绵组织较发达,栅栏组织和海绵组织比为0.44;气孔器近圆形,密度为98~116个/mm2,保卫细胞两端具有典型的“T”型加厚特征,气孔外围角质纹饰为条纹状隆起。

In order to provide some scientific basis for cultivation, extending and utilization of Macropanax rosthornii, the anatomical structures of roots, stems and leaves in M. rosthornii were observed under the optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, using tender seedlings and 2-year-old seedlings as experimental materials. The results showed that M. rosthornii had the typical characteristics of anatomical structures of the dicotyledon plants, its roots, stems and leaves showed the characteristics of liking shade and wetness. The root hairs were sparse, and number of the vessel cells in xylems of roots and stems was less, and lignification degree was tow. The stratum corneum in leaves was thin, spongy tissue was more developed than palisade tissue, and the ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue in thickness was 0.44. The stoma was subrounded, with density of 98-116 stomata per mm2, the guard cells had typical T-shaped thickening characteristics at the two polar regions, and the cuticular omamentations around stomata were some stripy apophyses.