切蛋糕的哲学——从无钱食宿的入罪化看刑法解释的机能导向

Philosophy of Cutting Cakes: Function- Oriented Explanation of Criminal Law by Criminalization of Board and Lodging without Money

我国立法中没有关于"无钱食宿后逃债"的专门立法,但"无钱食宿"行为完全可以通过财产犯罪加以调整。在分析"无钱食宿"成立何罪的问题上,应当采用倒置三段论的逻辑思路,先分析行为本身的可罚性,之后根据构成要件的解释归入特定犯罪调整。传统观点对"无钱食宿"的三分法存在疑问:一是"犯意先行"的既遂时点过于提前,二是对"食宿先行单纯逃债"的行为不罚。第一种修正进路主张诈骗罪中的处分财产性利益的行为无需处分意思,因而"无钱食宿"被划入诈骗罪,这种解释进路适合德日的立法规定。第二种修正进路将盗窃罪的对象扩大到财产性利益,因而"食宿先行单纯逃债"被划入盗窃罪,这种解释进路适合我国的立法规定。

There is no special legislation of board and lodging without money in our country, but it can be adjusted by crimes against property. Considering what crimes board and lodging without money accords with, the convert syllogism should be taken. Firstly, the strafbarkeit of the action should be considered, then the specific crime should be definited according to the explanation of component. Classical points a- bout board and lodging without money have problems： firstly, the point of accomplished offense is too early. Secondly, the pure avoidance of debt can not be punished. The first way to correct is that the meaning of disposition is not needed in the situation of fraud of interest of property, so board and lodging without money can fit into fraud, this way of explanation is suited for the legislation in Japan and Ger- man. The second way to explain is to expand the range of interest of property, and to divide board and lodging without money into theft. This way of explanation is suited for the legislation in our country.