马来西亚肯定性行动研究——马来人优先政策的合理性反思

A study of affirmative actions in Malaysia:Reflections on the rationality of the Malay Primacy

为了帮助马来人追上经济上处于优势的华人,马来西亚建国之初推出了肯定性行动。随着马来人在现代经济部门的就业结构与全国族群结构相一致,马来人与华人之间的经济差距大大缩小,这有助于马来西亚社会的稳定,但也导致了马来人过于依赖政府,没有完全建立起与他族公平竞争的自信心,不利于族群间的和谐相处及马来西亚的长远发展。马来人和华人在经济领域的结构性差异得到根本性改善之后,马来西亚有必要从"争取族群之间利益分配平等"的观念逐步转向"争取个人之间竞争机会平等"的观念。

Affirmative actions have been promoted since the founding of Malaysia in order to help the Malays catch up with the rich Chi- nese. Today because the Malay＇ s employment in modern economic sectors is almost the same as their proportion in the whole popula- tion, the affirmative actions have narrowed the economic gap between the Malays and the Chinese, which helps their social stability on the one hand but creates their more dependence on the government on the other. The affirmative actions have not fully strengthened the Malay＇ s confidence in competitiveness with other ethnic groups, which will not produce a harmonious relation between the Malays and other ethnic groups and will be no good for the long - term development of Malaysia. With the economic equality between the Malays and the Chinese realized, Malaysia should have a shift of focus from ＂the equality in sharing interests among different ethnic groups＂ to ＂the equality in competitiveness among individuals＂.