浙江民间信仰的历史形态与历代政府控制

The historical forms and government control of the folk beliefs in Zhejiang

研究表明,从新石器时代以来,生活在浙江地区的人们在认知环境、认识自我以及谋求生存与发展的过程中创造了丰富多彩的民间信仰。这些信仰,不仅在其生产、生活和组织中发挥着重要作用,而且随着社会的发展而处于不断的变迁中。其变迁的过程既充分反映了这一地区经济社会以及文化的发展状况,还与中国社会整个历史变迁以及人口迁徙、文化碰撞与交融的过程紧密相连,更与历代统治者的信仰及政策取向、治理举措息息相关。综观历代封建王朝对浙江地区民间信仰的控制举措,民间信仰的禁而不绝,一方面与无常的自然灾异有关,更与专制社会紧张的社会关系和统治者的价值取向有关。其对民间信仰实施社会控制的本质,是以一种新的更具"主流价值"渗透力的社会控制形式取代旧有的松散无效的社会控制形式,旨在寻求不断巩固王权合法性和权威性的更广泛的社会信仰基础。

The research shows that since the Neolithic Age, the people living in Zhejiang province have created rich and colorful folk beliefs in the process of understanding the environment, enhancing self - awareness and seeking the means of survival and develop- ment. These beliefs not only play an important role in their production, life, and organization, but also are in constant changes, follow- ing the development of the society. The process of their transformation not only fully reflects the socio - economic and cultural situations in this region, but also mirrors the entire historical changes of Chinese society, including the population, the migration and the process of cultural collisions and fusion, as well as all the beliefs, policy orientations and administrative means of the previous rulers. Though the previous feudal dynasties tried to control or forbid the folk beliefs in Zhejiang, these beliefs remained alive due to the unpredictable natural disasters on the one hand and the tense social relations of the authoritarian society and the rulers ＇ value orientation on the oth- er. The nature of such control aimed to replace the existing loose and ineffective form of social control with a new form of the main- stream value penetration, and to lay a broader and sounder social basis for the legitimacy and authority of the feudal kingdom.