利用病案首页数据构建县级综合医院医疗质量指标体系的适用性探讨

Development of the quality of care index system of county level hospitals based on the homepage of the medical records and analysis of its applicability

目的结合四川省病案首页信息，探索初步建立县级综合医院医疗质量评价体系的方法，并将其应用于现有数据，为进一步完善医疗质量评价体系提供依据。方法应用系统文献复习方法，结合病案首页现有数据，经过专家小组讨论，确定指标体系维度和每个维度下的指标，并根据理论原则及统计方法要求对指标进行筛选。用验证性因子分析方法结合归一法计算各指标权重及各维度得分。对各维度得分用Charlson共病指数结合多重回归方法对医院收治患者的疾病严重程度进行校正。计算医院各维度得分并进行排名，比较不同级别医院、不同经济地区医疗质量评价结果进行效度分析。结果构建的县级综合医院医疗质量评价体系包括6大维度共25个指标。评价体系应用结果显示其有一定效度。Charlson共病指数校正有一定效果。各维度之间存在相关性且方向不一致。结论该评价体系可操作性强，能在一定程度上全面反映医院医疗质量。应用评价体系时，应在同质医院间进行。分维度评价具有现实意义。

Objective To explore methods to develop a hospital quality of care index system of county level hospitals based on the homepage of inpatient medical records and examine the validity of this system. Methods By means of literature review, homepage data and panel discussion, along with theories and statistical methods, indexes were identified. The dimensions and indices of the index system were pinpointed. Confirmatory factor analysis and normalization methods were combined to calculate the weights and scores of such indices. Scores were adjusted by Charlson comorbidity index （CCI） with multi-regression method. The hospitals were ranked by adjusted scores in each dimension. The validity was evaluated by comparing the application results to universally acknowledged standards, such as hospital level and economic level of the geographic areas. Results An index system with 6 dimensions and 25 indices was developed, and the application results proved valid to some extent. The adjustment of CCI also proved effective. The 6 dimensions were correlated yet their directions were not consistent. Conclusions The methods and data used to develop the system have demonstrated strong operability and availability. The application results can reflect medical care quality in different aspects making it applicable among homogeneous hospitals. It is meaningful to assess dimensions respectively.