有偏技术进步与工业产能过剩--基于开放格局的供给侧改革

Biased technical progress and industrial overcapacity——Based on supply-side reform in the opening pattern

近年来中国多个工业部门面临产能严重过剩,传统增长模式遇到瓶颈,这与我国工业化进程中的强制性技术变迁有很大关系。一些部门过分依赖科技成果的跨国转移,技术进步过早偏向资本,又不得不适应当时劳动力相对充裕的禀赋结构,选择要素互补的生产函数,资本和劳动投入同时扩张,积累了巨大的工业产能。随着劳动力成本上涨,固化的生产函数下资本难以替代相对昂贵的劳动力,致使大量冗余劳动力滞留于工业部门,并引发无序的产业转移,从而造成了当前的产能过剩。要使工业获得新的增长动力,关键在于促进劳动力向现代服务业和高端制造业流动,并加快国际产能与装备制造合作,让国内产业资本与国外资源充分结合,在新型开放战略下推动供给侧改革,实现国内外产业发展共赢。

In recent years, many industries in China were faced with serious overcapacity, traditional growth patterns ran into bottlenecks. This phenomenon was closely related to mandatory technical changes during China＇ s industrialization process. Some departments overly relied on international transfer of scientific and technological achievements. Technology progress prematurely slanted to capital, while they still had to adapt to the endowment structure at that time with relatively abundant labor force. As a result, they chose production functions with complementary elements, simultaneously expanded labor and capital inputs, and furthermore accumulated massive industrial capacity. As labor cost kept rising, it is difficult for capital in fixed production function to substitute relatively expensive labor force. Consequently, it caused large amount of redundant labor forces in industries and disorder industrial transfer, thus resulted in current industrial overcapacity. If industries want to acquire new growth momentum, the key is to promote the labor force to flow to modern service industry and high-end manufacturing industry. At the same time, they should explore the cooperation between international capacity and equipment manufacturing, fully combine the domestic industrial capital with foreign resources, promote supply-side reform in new opening strategy and finally realize a winwin situation in domestic and foreign industries.