库布齐沙漠生态治理与开发利用的典型模式

The typical models of ecological management and development and utilization in the Hobq Desert

通过文献查阅和实地调研研究,对库布齐沙漠植物-工程治沙模式、综合固沙林防护模式、复合套种模式、沙产业模式、光伏产业模式、恩格贝模式、川路切割分区治理模式和风水梁模式进行了综述,总结了各模式的技术应用特点.指出在光伏设施干扰下,地表强烈掏蚀和光伏面板间堆积等次生风沙危害问题亟需重视,并基于库布齐沙漠的自然环境分异特征,指出库布齐沙漠治理应遵循因地制宜的原则,在沙漠东部实行无灌溉植物防风固沙模式,在中部种植锁边林并切割治理,西部建设"四位一体"综合固沙模式.讨论了环境友好型化学固沙材料和技术的集成研发与应用方向,展望了立体光伏基地与种植养殖业组合配套的综合模式的发展前景.

This paper summarizes the treatment status of the vegetation-engineering sand-fixing mode, integrated fixing sand forest mode, composite interplanting mode, sand industry mode, photovoltaic industry mode, the Engebei mode, subarea management and the Fengshuiliang poverty reduction mode through literature review and field survey. It is pointed out that the secondary damage such as the wind erosion of the surface and the accumulation between the photovoltaic plates under the interference of photovoltaic facilities should pay attention to, and points out it need carrying out no irrigation vegetation mode in the eastern desert, planting lockrand forests and implementing subarea management in central governance, building ＂quaternity＂ sand-fixing modes in the western desert with the principle of local conditions. The development and application of the environment-friendly chemical sand-fixing materials and technology is discussed, and the development prospects of the integrated model of the combination of the vertical photovoltaic base and the efficient planting based on the unique circumstance of this area is also disscussed.