中国国家公园体制建立的若干思考

Some Thoughts Upon the Establishment of China's National Park System

国家公园体制是一种严格保护自然与文化资源,并实现可持续利用的理念和模式,具有国家主导性、公益性和科学性的特征.建立中国国家公园体制,是主体功能区战略的重要组成部分,是建设生态文明和美丽中国的实践.在回顾国家公园的理念及实践的基础上,认为在中国现有保护地管理体系下,厘清国家公园的内涵与边界,明确产权归属和管理主体,打破行政区划壁垒,协调保护与利用的关系,实现所有权、管理权、经营权的分立与制衡,是建立国家公园体制亟待解决的五个基本问题,并讨论了建立中国国家公园体制的现实路径,以期为决策提供参考.

The national park system is a concept and mode which strictly protects natural and cultural resources, and finally achieves the sustainable utilization. It has the characteristics of national leadership, public welfare and scientifieity. Establishment of China＇s national park system is not only an important part of the strategy of development priority zones, but also the practice of constructing an ecological civilization and Beautiful China. Based on the review of concepts and practices of national parks, this paper considered five basic and urgent problems associated with establishing national parks. 1） Clarify the connotation and the boundary of the national park on the basis of China＇ s existing protected area management system. 2） Clear the ownership of property ownership and management subject. 3） Break the barrier of the administrative division. 4） Coordinate the relationship between the protection and utilization. 5） Realize the division and balances among ownership, management and managerial authority. In view of these problems, this paper explored the path to establish China＇s National Park system. It can provide references for decision making.