菌剂与肥料配施对矿区复垦土壤养分及微生物学特性的影响

Effects of combined application of microbial agents and fertilizers on soil nutrients and microbial characteristics in reclaimed soil

采用完全随机区组设计,研究在等量养分供应条件下,生物菌剂(MA)与有机肥(OF)以及无机肥(IF)配施对矿区复垦土壤养分及微生物学特性的影响,为矿区复垦土壤生物培肥、快速熟化提供科学依据.结果表明:生物菌剂与肥料配合施用能显著增加土壤养分含量,土壤有机质和全氮含量以MA+OF处理最高,分别比CK增加了42.60%和36.43%,土壤全磷、有效氮和有效磷含量则以MA+IF处理最高,分别比CK增加了24.40%、210%和460%;菌剂与肥料配施能显著增加土壤中微生物数量和生物量(P<0.05),细菌与微生物总量以MA+OF+IF处理最高,微生物量碳氮以MA+OF处理最高;与未配施菌剂处理相比,配施菌剂后土壤细菌数量增加了35.73%-53.69%,微生物量碳和氮分别增加了15.30%-28.33%和12.55%-23.23%;菌剂与肥配施能显著提高土壤酶活性,与CK相比,MA+OF+IF处理的土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和转化酶活性分别提高了20.66%、40.91%、77.04%和77.06%.相关分析表明土壤养分和微生物学特性指标之间关系密切,可用来评价复垦土壤肥力状况.主成分分析进一步表明,不同培肥处理复垦土壤质量表现为MA+OF+IF>MA+OF>OF+IF>MA+IF>OF>IF>CK.综合分析得出,有机肥与无机肥配施菌剂更有利于提高土壤肥力和土壤微生物特性,改善复垦土壤微生态环境.

The aim of this research was to provide a scientific basis of reclaimed soil biological fertility and rapid maturation. The pot experiment used completely randomized design to investigate the effects of microbial agents （MA） combined with organic fertilizer （OF） and inorganic fertilizer （IF） in equal nutrient supply conditions on the soil nutrients and microbial characteristics of reclamation soil. The results showed that the combination of microbial agents and fertilizers could significantly increase the soil nutrient contents. The treatment of MA＋OF recorded the highest contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen as 42.60 % and 36.43% higher than those in control; the MA＋IF treatment obtained the highest contents of soil total phosphorus, available nitrogen and phosphorus as 24.40%, 210% and 460%, respectively higher than those in control. Application of microbial agents and fertilizers could significantly increase the number and biomass of soil microorganisms （P 〈 0.05）. The maximum number of bacteria and microorganisms were found in the treatment of MA＋OF＋IF, while the highest microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were obtained in the treatment of MA＋OF. Compared with no-microbial agents application, microbial agents application increased the number of bacteria by 35.73%-53.69%, microbial biomass carbon by 15.30%-28.33%, and microbial biomass nitrogen by 12.55%-23.23%. Combined application of microbial agents and fertilizers could significantly enhance soil enzyme activities. Compared with CK, treatment of MA＋OF＋IF increased the soil catalase, urease, phosphatase and invertase activity by 20.66%, 40.91%, 77.04% and 77.06%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed a close relationship between soil nutrient and microbial characteristics, which could be used to evaluate the soil fertility status. Principal component analysis further showed that quality of reclaimed soil in different treatments in an order of MA＋OF＋IF 〉 MA＋OF 〉 OF＋IF 〉 MA＋IF 〉 OF 〉 IF 〉 CK. In conclusion, application of organic and inorganic fertilizer combined with biological agents is conductive to soil fertility and microbial characteristics and therefore beneficial to the micro-ecological environment in reclaimed soil.