王国维的“美术”义界及其“日本因缘”

Wang Guowei's Definition of “Fine Arts”and its Japanese Karma

讨论王国维的"美术"义界问题,简单地将其等同于"文学"或者"艺术"都不全面。实际上,王国维对"美术"与"文学"、"艺术"的区分意识相当明晰。对日本学界"文学"较早脱离"美术"这一"史实"的借镜,以拯救人的精神疾苦为标准从而判定"美术"中"文学"之慰藉作用最佳的明确论说,佐证了他对"美术"与"文学"的界别意识;看重美术"美"的属性故而漠视其范围之宽狭,认定"美术"为天才的创作而"艺术"无此要求则清楚表明王国维对"美术"与"艺术"不同义界的核定。

According to the discussion on Wang Guowei＇s definition of ＂fine arts＂,it is not comprehensive enough to equate ＂fine Arts＂with ＂literature＂or ＂arts＂simply.As a matter of fact,Wang Guowei has differentiated ＂fine arts＂from ＂literature＂and ＂arts＂clearly.Based on the standard that emancipates human from spiritual sufferings,an inspiration is drawn from the historical fact that Japanese academia has separated ＂literature＂from ＂fine arts＂early in order to judge the optimal and clear argue about the soothing role of ＂literature＂in ＂fine arts＂.Such judgment has proved Wang Guowei＇s distinction between ＂fine arts＂and ＂literature＂.The emphasis on the ＂fine arts＂attribute of ＂beauty＂rather than on the scope of ＂fine arts＂,and the view that ＂fine arts＂is the creation of talents while＂arts＂neglects such requirement have clearly reflected the different definitions of ＂fine arts＂and ＂arts＂.