成都市户籍老年人肺炎疫苗接种率及影响因素调查

Investigation on Pneumonia Vaccination Coverage and Influencing Factors Among Elderly Population With Permanent Residence of Chengdu

目的了解成都市对老年人实行接种肺炎疫苗优惠政策后,成都市户籍老年人肺炎疫苗的接种率及其影响因素。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,抽取5个区(市)县30个社区,每个社区随机抽取40名60岁及以上成都市户籍老年人,共1 200人为调查对象。采用自制问卷调查老年人人口学特征、健康状况及行为,疫苗接种率、政策知晓率等情况,利用χ2检验、非条件Logistic回归分析对肺炎疫苗接种率及影响因素进行单因素、多因素分析。结果成都市户籍老年人的肺炎疫苗接种率为42.1%,经多因素Logistic回归分析,自身接种疫苗需求、收到接种疫苗预约、优惠政策知晓、近两年参加体检、参加肺炎防治宣传意愿及患慢性心血管疾病情况是肺炎疫苗接种率的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论成都市老年人肺炎疫苗的接种率较高,但以后的工作中应注意宣传肺炎及其疫苗的相关知识,提高老年人对肺炎的预防意识,对肺炎疫苗的认识度和接受度;接种过程中应适当放宽对接种禁忌症的把握度,提高高龄、患慢性病的老年人等高危人群的接种率。

Objective To investigate the pneumonia vaccination coverage and its influencing factors among elderly population in Chengdu after implementing the pneumonia vaccination policy among elderly population. Methotis 30 communities were selected from 5 districts in Chengdu by multi - stage cluster sampling method, then 40 elderly people aged 60 and above were selected randomly from each of the 30 communities, 1200 elderly people with registered permanent residence of Chengdu were surveyed by the self - designed questionnaire to investigate the information about demographic characteristics, healthy behavior, the vaccination coverage, and awareness rate of the policy. Chi - square test and Multivariate non - conditional Logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors for pneumonia vaccination coverage. Results The vaccination rate was 42. 1%. I^gistic regression analysis showed that the main influencing factors of pneumonia vaccination rate were the will-ingness to receive the pneumonia vaccination, appointment for vaccination, vaccination policy, taking two years, the willingness making an knowledge of the pneumonia physical examination in the past to participate in pneumonia prevention and control activities and people suffering from Chronic cardiovascular disease. Conclusion The pneumonia vaccination coverage among elderly population in Chengdu was much higher. Emphasis on the improvement of knowledge about pneumonia and vaccination might encourage elderly people to get the pneumonia and vaccination. Meanwhile, the assurance should be extended appropriately for vaccination contraindications to increase pneumonia vaccination of the high risk group such as older age, people suffering from chronic diseases.