发达国家长期护理制度的实践经验及启示

The Practical Experience and Enlightenment of Long-Term Care System in Developed Countries

在人口老龄化的世界背景下,发达国家纷纷建立起长期护理制度来应对本国的老年失能问题。作为实施长期护理制度的三个典型国家,美国选取了基本安全网与商业性长期护理保险的发展模式,而德国与日本则选择了社会性长期护理保险制度。借鉴美国、德国与日本的发展经验,未来我国在建立长期护理保险制度时,应注意以下几点:合理控制长期护理费用支出;支持非正式护理服务发展;培育并引导长期护理服务的市场化供给;落实好长期护理与医疗护理的分治与整合;合理完善的长期护理配套体系是实行长期护理制度的基础。

Under the background of the aging of the population of the world, most of the developed countries have set a set up a Long-Term Care （LTC） system to deal with the elderly disability issues. As the implementation of LTC system of three typical countries, while Germany and Japan chose the social LTC insurance system, the United States chose a development model of basic safety net and commercial LTC insurance. Draw lessons from the United States, Germany and Japan＇s development experience, In the future when establishing LTC insurance system in our country., the following points should be paid attention to： control LTC costs reasonably, support the development of the informal care services, foster and guide LTC services＇ market supply, implement the division and integration of the elderly long-term care and medical care, a reasonable supporting LTC system is the basis of a LTC system.