论美国海洋环境执法对我国的启示

The Marine Environmental Enforcement of the United States and the Enlightenment to China

美国海洋环境治理成效显著,主要通过违法通知、标准处罚程序、行政守法令、紧急令和行政处罚评估等多种方式的运用,加大处罚力度,公平公正执法,鼓励采取即时补救措施,结合民事和刑事制裁,不断完善相关立法,从而达到保护海洋环境、防治污染的目的。美国的做法可以为我国海洋环境的治理提供借鉴,即进一步完善执法措施,加大处罚力度;实行环境激励措施;行政执法与民事责任承担、刑事制裁相结合;注重发挥公众参与的作用等。

The main measures of marine environment governance in America are effective. The enforcement measures have been adopted to prevent marine pollution and protect marine environment by taking violation notice, standard punishment procedure, administrative compliance order, emergency rule and administrative penalty assessment as well as increasing penalties, fairly law enforcement, and taking immediate remedial measures, combined with civil and criminal sanctions. The experience and analysis will give us an important significance of reference, such as im- proving law enforcement measures and intensifying punishment; implementing environmental incentives;coordinating the administrative penalty , civil and criminal sanctions ;focusing on public participation etc.