灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗纳入国家免疫规划初期吉林省脊髓灰质炎疫苗转换工作影响因素调查

Factors Influencing the Poliomyelitis Vaccine Transition in the Early Stage of Introducing Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine into the National Immunization Program in Jilin Province

目的探寻灭活脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)疫苗(IPV)纳入国家免疫规划初期吉林省脊灰疫苗免疫程序中首剂脊灰减毒活疫苗(OPV)向IPV转换工作的影响因素。方法采取普查的方法对IPV接种率较低的12县(市、区)143家接种门诊426名预防接种工作人员进行问卷调查,采用描述性方法分析脊灰疫苗转换工作的影响因素。结果在392名有效调查对象中,97.96%了解IPV/OPV免疫程序,96.68%了解接种方式,63.01%认为IPV接种增添工作量,47.90%认为IPV接种操作有难度;不同年龄、工作年限、单位类别的调查对象对IPV接种工作量、接种操作难度的看法均有显著性差异。调查对象认为疫苗转换工作的主要问题包括担忧IPV接种不良反应、家长对IPV接种方式不接受、增加工作负担。结论担忧不良反应、工作量增加、接种操作难度是影响首剂OPV向IPV转换工作的主要因素,需要加强预防接种人员的相关培训。

Objective To determine the factors influencing the shift of the first-dose oral poliovirus vaccine（ OPV） to inactivated poliovirus vaccine（ IPV） in the early stage of introducing IPV into the National Immunization Program in Jilin. Methods A specially-designed questionnaire was used to survey the426 vaccination staff from 143 immunization clinics of 12 counties with low IPV immunization coverage.Factors influencing the transition of poliomyelitis vaccine were determined using descriptive methods. Results Among 392 valid respondents,97. 96% knew the IPV / OPV immunization schedule; 96. 68% believed that IPV vaccination procedures were difficult; 63. 1% believed that IPV vaccination increased their workload. A significant difference in attitudes on IPV vaccination operation or workload was seen among respondents by age,work year,and work unit. Respondents thought that the main issues for the transition included a concern of adverse reactions of IPV,parental refusal of IPV injection,and an increase in workload. Conclusions Concerning adverse reactions,increasing workload,and difficult vaccination procedures are the main factors felt to influence the transition of the first dose OPV to IPV. We should strengthen relevant trainings for vaccination staff.