冬小麦-夏玉米轮作制度下腐植酸氮肥去向与平衡

The Fate and Balance of Humic Acid Fertilizer in Winter Wheat-Summer Corn Rotation System

为促进新型肥料的应用,减少环境污染,提高玉米、小麦产量,通过同位素示踪技术研究新型腐植酸氮肥对玉米和小麦产量、氮肥吸收利用、氮肥在土壤中分布、氮肥损失以及土壤氮素盈亏的影响。结果表明:脲基活化腐植酸氮肥和常规掺混腐殖酸氮肥可显著增加玉米和小麦产量,提高氮肥利用率,增加氮肥残留量,减少氮肥损失,增加土壤氮素盈余,增加土壤氮素矿化,增加作物对土壤氮素的吸收,其中脲基活化腐植酸作用效果更加明显。脲基活化腐植酸氮肥和常规掺混腐殖酸氮肥与普通尿素相比,玉米产量分别增加20.6%和9.8%,小麦产量分别增加50.5%和19.2%;玉米季氮肥利用率分别提高5.8%和3.4%,小麦季分别增加22.7%和8.6%;玉米季氮肥损失率分别减少18.3%和10.9%,小麦季分别减少20.2%和6.3%;玉米季氮肥残留率分别增加12.5%和7.5%,小麦季分别减少2.7%和2.2%。施用腐植酸氮肥能改善氮素在土壤中的分布,满足作物根系需肥特性。

In order to promote application of the new type fertilizers,increase crop yield and reduce environmental pollution,the research explored effects of humic acid nitrogen fertilizer on corn and wheat yield,nitrogen absorption and utilization,and nitrogen distribution and loss in soil.The results showed that application of activated humic acid fertilizer and conventional mixed humic acid fertilizers could significantly promote corn and wheat yield,increase nitrogen utilization ratio,increase nitrogen residual content,reduce nitrogen loss amount,increase nitrogen surplus and net nitrogen mineralization,and promote soil nitrogen absorption.Activated humic acid fertilizer was better than conventional humic acid fertilizer.The results showed that compared with common urea,the activated humic acid fertilizer and conventional mixed humic acid fertilizers showed these effects：Corn yield were increased by 20.6% and 9.8%,respectively,and wheat yield were increased by 50.5% and 19.2%,respectively;In corn growing season,the nitrogen utilization rates were increased by 5.8% and 3.4%,respectively,while in wheat growing season,the nitrogen utilization rates were increased by 22.7% and 8.6%,respectively;In corn growing season,the nitrogen loss rates were reduced by18.3% and 10.9%,respectively,while in wheat growing season,the nitrogen loss rates were reduced by 20.2% and 6.3%,respectively;In corn growing season,the soil nitrogen residual rates were increased by 12.5%and 7.5%,respectively,while in corn growing season,the soil nitrogen residual rates were reduced by2.7%and 2.2%,respectively.Application of humic acid fertilizer can improve the distribution of nitrogen in the soil,which therefore can be better satisfy crop root fertilizer characteristics.