典型PhACs的检测分析方法研究进展

Review of detection and analysis methods of typical PhACs

药理活性化合物PhACs(Pharmaceutically Active Compounds)被广泛用作人体(或动物)的治疗性医药产品,对人体的代谢、发育及生殖均有一定的影响,是一类具有严重危害的潜伏性、传递性污染物质。环境中PhACs污染的问题正为人们所重视。虽然大多数PhACs都以痕量浓度存在于环境中,但其长期暴露于人体和水生、陆生生物体,威胁着人类健康和生态环境,其造成的潜在威胁也可能被放大。PhACs种类繁多,在水环境中含量较低,尚不是水质标准中的常规污染物监测指标。随着检测仪器的改进,新的检测技术更加灵敏、适用性好,可对水环境中ng/L浓度水平的PhACs进行检测。但一些新技术仍存在一定的局限性和缺点,比如准确性不高、适用性不广、仪器耗材成本昂贵、操作要求高等。因此,完善现有预处理及检测技术,开发相对简便易操作的水环境中PhACs检测方法将成为该领域今后发展的主要任务。讨论了现有研究存在的问题,并对今后的研究进行了展望,为水污染控制提供参考。

Pharmacologically active compounds （PhACs） are widely used as therapeutic pharmaceutical products for human （or animal）. They have a degree of influence on the metabolism, development and reproduction of human body. They are a kind of latent, transmission of pollutants. The problem of pollution of PhACs in the environment is being paid attention to. Although most PhACs are present in trace concentrations in the environment, their long-term exposure to human and aquatic, terrestrial organisms poses a potential hazard to human health and the environment, and the potential threat posed by them can also be amplified. PhACs have a wide range of water content in the water environment, and there are not the water quality standards in the conventional pollutant monitoring indicators. With the improvement of detection instruments, the new detection technology has gradually realized the advantages of higher sensitivity and better applicability, and can detect PhACs in ng/L concentration level in water environment. However, some new technologies still have certain limitations and shortcomings, such as accuracy is not high enough, applicability is not wide, expensive equipment, higher operating costs and higher operating requirements. Therefore, improving the existing pretreatment and detection technology, developing relatively simple and easy detection method to PhACs will become the main task of the future development of the field. The existing problems are discussed and the future research is prospected, which can provide reference for water pollution control.