汉语中的两类状态表述形式

Two Types of State Representation in Chinese

谓词性成分在"内在时间性"和"外在时间性"上都表现出[+过程]和[-过程]的对立,内在时间性过程体现为某一事态随时间的进行而展开,外在时间性过程体现为某一事态构成外部时间流逝中的某一具体事件。汉语中的两类状态表述形式R(形容词重叠光杆形式)与Rde(带"的"的形容词重叠形式)的使用表现出一定的倾向性,前者与具有[+过程]特征的谓词性成分搭配能力强,而后者与具有[-过程]特征的谓词性成分搭配能力强。前者在状态的表述上呈现一定的动态性,可以称为状态表述的动态形式,后者呈现出一定的静态性,可以称为状态表述的静态形式。R与Rde的存在以人们对状态的认知机制为深层动因,R内部成员在句法功能上的不同表现也与这种认知机制有着密切的联系。

Both the ＂internal temporal feature＂ and the ＂external temporal feature＂ of a predicate component show the opposition between [＋process] and [-process]. If an event develops as time goes, it has the ＂internal temporal process＂ feature, and if an event acts as a part of an Event chain, it has the ＂external temporal process＂ feature. In Chinese, there are two state representation forms, one is R and the other is Rde. R is often used with predi- cates which have [＋process] feature and Rde is often used with predicates with [-process] feature. The former is a dynamic representation and the latter static . The existence of the two forms R and Rde is motivated by people＇s perception of the state, and the different performance of the members of R also has a close relationship with the cognitive mechanism of state.