论跨层结构“的时候”的词汇化与语法化

A Study of the Lexicalization and Grammaticalization of Deshihou

从上古到中古,"时候"由并列短语到并列名词,并进一步演变为偏义复合词。"的时候"组合出现在明代,到清代有了较大发展。在"X的时候,Y"结构里,事件X是事件Y的参照时间,它们构成主从复句。跨层结构"的时候"发生词汇化、语法化的动因主要是高频使用、重新分析、特定的句法环境与位置、词义变化。"的时候"词汇化、语法化的不彻底性与音节数量、语义虚实、凝固程度、使用框式等多种因素密切相关。

This paper argues that the three-syllable compound deshihou （的时侯） is the result of lexicalization and grammaticalization of the cross-structural combination, and analyzes its diachronic change. Deshihou appeared in the Ming Dynasty. In the structure of ＂X deshihou, Y＂, X leads a subordinate clause, and Y is the main clause; X is the reference time of Y. The main mechanism of the lexicalization and grammaticalization of deshihou is high frequency, reanalysis, special syntactic context and position, and semantic generalization. The lexicalization and grammaticalization of deshihou remain incomplete, because of the degree of solidification, the number of syllables, the use of constructions, and so on.