“人地钱”挂钩之后——中国城市化的体制性障碍与出路

The System Obstacle and Its Solution in the Course of Urbanization in China

城市化所引发的人口与资源流动是空前的,相应的公共服务的真实需求也高度变动不居,而过度向上集权的政府管理体制则导致公共服务与变动不居的真实需求严重脱节。"人地钱"挂钩正是在此背景下提出的,也会在相当程度上缓解上述问题,但却难以从根本上解决。应在法治的框架下,在确保中央权威、保障法制统一、落实必要的中央事权的同时,合理地放权于地方,使当地民众依法对地方公共治理享有必要的自主性。唯此,才能确保公共服务与城市化对于公共服务的动态需求相契合,才能从根本上破解"放乱收死"的两难。这也同时是治理现代化的重要课题。

The flow of population and resources caused by urbanization is unprecedented, and the real demand of the corresponding public services is also highly variable. However, the government system of centralization leads to the serious gap between the public service and its real demand. The policy to link the fiscal transfers payment, Incremental urban Construction Land Quota and the urbanization of agricultural transfer population, is put forward in this background, and will also be alleviate the above problems to a considerable extent, but it is difficult to fundamentally solve the problem. In the proposition of defining the central powers and ensuring effective central authority of law, a perfect local autonomy should be established gradually. Only in this way, it can be ensured that the public service to be meet the dynamic needs in the urbanization. And this is also an important subject of the modernization of governance.