北京大院的空间生产与文学再现

Production of Space and Literary Representation of Military Compound in Beijing

北京的大院出现于20世纪50-60年代,是一种极为特殊的城市空间形式,它反映了特定历史时期的社会结构与城市景象。军队大院,更是革命文化的高度浓缩呈现。大院中相似的房屋样式,秩序井然的布局,与院外的分明界限,在生产出一种特殊物理空间的同时,也生产出了一种心理空间,影响了其居民的自我认同与人际关系。与台湾眷村所形成的被边缘化文化岛现象不同的是,北京大院代表了当时社会的主流文化。在以王朔为代表的大院作家小说中,这一空间再现了红色年代的几大特征:标准化和严格的等级制度,纪律与规训以及父权的缺席。小说中的军队大院作为一种象征性的空间,是社会主义实践与革命文化的具象化,也是对红色年代的空间化,而对大院的文学再现则是大院作家们集体文化记忆的投射。

Military compound in Beijing is a very unique spatial form emerged in 1950s-1960s. It has dramatically changed the landscape of contemporary Beijing. Its housing styles, layout and high wallsare signifiers of revolutionary culture. While it produced a physical space, it produced a psychological space as well. It influenced the residents＇ self- identity and relationships. Unlike Military Dependents＇ Village （juancun in Taiwan Province）, which is a cultural island alienated by the locals, Beijing military compound presented the mainstream culture in the socialist era. In Wang Shuo＇s writings, this urban space is a living epitome of Chinese society in the era. It is highlighted as a standardized, hierarchical, disciplinary space in which paternity is absent. Military compound thus can be seen as an embodiment of revolutionary culture, and spatialization of the red era. The literary representation of military compound is a projection of the collective cultural memory of military compound writers.