肇庆地区玉米适宜播种期研究

Suitable Period of Corn Sowing in Zhaoqing District

为了探索肇庆地区玉米适宜播种期及为合理安排生产提供依据,通过玉米分期播种试验,研究了不同播种期光照、温度和降雨量对玉米生育期和产量形成的影响。结果表明:不同播种期的有效积温及生育期有不同程度差异。低温有延缓生长和延长生育期的作用,高温有促进玉米生长发育和缩短生育期的作用;在冬春季种植,有效积温越少生育期越长,有效积温越多生育期越短。分期播种对穗数、穗粒数影响最大,在冬季种植对粒重影响也大。日照时数、温度和降雨量均直接影响玉米生长发育和产量形成,在灌溉正常的情况下,提高有效积温和增加日照是使玉米增产的有效措施。春种和冬种玉米遭遇低温阴雨是造成减产的主要原因。试验结果显示,肇庆地区玉米的适宜播种期在2月20日-10月20日,即节气上在"雨水"之后至"霜降"之前。春种可以采取措施适当早播,但山区要视实际情况而定(春种适当迟播、冬种适当早播)。

In order to explore the suitable corn sowing period, providing the basis for reasonable arrangements of production, the corn sowing date tests of different sowing time of light, temperature and rainfall on maize growth period and yield formation of influence was studied The results showed that different sowing period and growth period of effective temperature difference. Slow growth to extend the growth period of low temperature, high temperature promote maize growth shorten the growth period; in the winter and spring planting, effective accumulated temperature less growth period is longer, effective accumulated temperature more growth period shorter. The effect of sowing date on the ear number and grain number per ear was the biggest, and the effect on grain weight was also great. Day length, temperature and rainfall are directly affecting the corn growth and yield formation, in solution to irrigation, improve effective accumulated temperature and increase duration is the determinants of the yield of corn. Spring and winter maize suffered cold and rainy weather is a major cause of production. It showed that the maize in Zhaoqing area of suitable sowing time on February 20 to October 20, namely on the throttle after the ＂rain＂ to ＂frost＂ before. Spring can take appropriate measures in early sowing, but the mountain should be appropriate depending on the actual situation of late sowing winter spring, appropriate early sowing.