国立大学与国民政府——以抗战爆发前浙江大学校长更迭为主线的考察

National Universities and the Nationalist Government——An Exploration Based on Main Line of Changes of Zhejiang University's Presidents before the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

20世纪30年代上半期,与其他国立大学类似,浙江大学在其发展中遭遇了一系列困境:教育经费短缺与拖欠,校长频繁更迭,教师索薪罢教,学生运动迭起。浙大历任校长皆试图解决各种问题。在其经费、校长人选、学潮等问题的产生及应对过程中,除校方的种种努力外,也可以看到国立大学与中央政府之间的互动关系。由于特殊的地缘因素,蒋介石及其亲信的浙籍官员对于浙大事务多有插手。浙大为解决自身发展所遇到的种种问题,也设法与蒋介石等联系,以争取自身利益,甚至试图影响国民政府的某些高等教育政策。

During the first half of the 1930 s,similar to other national universities,Zhejiang University also experienced a series of difficulties in its development: shortage and default of educational funds,frequent changes of presidents,asking for salaries and strikes of teachers and constant occurrence of student movements. The successive presidents of the University tried to resolve various problems. In the appearance and response process of such problems as educational funds,candidates of president and student strikes,except for various endeavors of the University authorities,we can also find interactions between national universities and the central government. Because of the special geography factors,Chiang Kaishek and some of his most trusted officials from Zhejiang constantly interfered with the affairs of the University. In order to resolve various problems in its development,the University also tried to contact Chiang Kai-shek and other persons to strive for its own interests,and even tried to affect some policies of the Nationalist government's higher education.