“文化领导权”视域内的“大众的反叛”

The Revolt of the Masses in the Horizon of Cultural Leadership

对于现代欧洲文明危机问题学界探讨众多,其中西班牙哲学家奥尔特加·加塞特在《大众的反叛》中,将现代欧洲文明的衰落,归结于"大众"群体对于公共空间以及公共权利的侵占,倡导一种精英主义的统治秩序。这是一种通过攫取民众的公共权利,以期获得现代文明危机疗救的方式。然而大众挤入公共生活是社会进步的表征,是人类文明发展的必然结果。面对现代文明危机,借鉴葛兰西的文化领导权思想,通过培养人民大众的"批判性自觉意识",对大众进行智识启蒙,获得精英和大众的统一,才是推动整个人类文明进程的有效途径。

There are a lot of academic discussions on European civilization crisis. The Spanish philosopher Ortega Gasset, pointed out that the decline of modern European civilization is due to the masses＇ possession of the public space and public rights in his The Revolt of the Masses. He advocated the meritocracy way. This is a way to solve the modern civilization crisis by grab people＇s public rights. However, it is the sign of social progress and the inevitable consequence of human civilization that the public enter into public life. Facing the European civilization crisis,we should take example by Gramsci＂ s Cultural leadership. It is an effective way to promote the whole process of human civilization by cultivating ＂critical consciousness＂ of the masses, enlightening the masses and unifying the elite and the public.