伊壁鸠鲁对死亡的哲学考察

The Philosophy of Death of Epicurus

伊壁鸠鲁对死亡的哲学思考完美地体现了希腊化时期自然哲学的伦理精神。一方面,他对于生死问题的研究视角和死亡事实的审视维度超越了单纯治疗哲学领域,渗透到准则学、物理学和伦理学在内的整个伊壁鸠鲁哲学体系之中,使得对死亡哲学的考查成为理解其整个哲学体系的钥匙;另一方面,伊壁鸠鲁通过厘清原子聚散与个体生死的关系,否定了以往哲学赋予死亡的现实感觉性和人生价值性,批评了因惧怕死亡而膜拜神灵的愚蠢行为,进而指出真正的幸福在于身体的无痛苦和灵魂的无纷扰,倡导人们以既不惧死又不厌生的态度,实现有德性的理智生活。

The Philosophy of Epicurus perfectly reflects the ethical spirit of natural philosophy in the Hellenistic period.His perspective on the study of existence and examine of death beyond pure therapeutic philosophy,and infiltrates into the whole philosophy system of Epicurus,including standards,physics and ethics.Investigating the philosophy of death is the key to understand the whole philosophy system of Epicurus.On the other hand,Epicurus clarifies the relationship between accumulation and dispersion of atom and the life and death of individual,denies the reality and value of death from the past philosophers,as well as criticizes worshiping the gods for the fear of death.Epicurus points out that the real happiness signifies the body without pain and soul without distractions,and advocates people not to fear death or detest life,which aims to live with virtue and intellect.