基于轴辐式网络的跨境电商海外仓库选址

Overseas warehouse location of international e-commerce based on hub-and-spoke network

为提高跨境电商运作效率和客户服务水平,根据海外仓库配送快、成本低等特点,探讨轴辐式网络在海外仓库选址方面的应用.建立包含运输成本、仓储处理成本、仓库建设成本、退货成本和时间惩罚成本的总成本最小的跨境电商海外仓库选址模型.设置不同的枢纽节点数和折扣因子,设计一种遗传算法进行求解.取15个国家(节点)进行网络设计,结果表明:对海外仓库进行轴辐式网络设计(将原有的直通式网络设置多个枢纽节点)能够有效降低总成本,实现规模效益.该方法对海外仓库的发展具有参考价值.

To improve operational efficiency and customer service level of international e-commerce, according to the characteristics of fast distribution and low cost of overseas warehouses, the application of hub-and-spoke network in overseas warehouse location is discussed. The overseas warehouse location model of international e-commerce with the minimum total cost is established, where the cost includes transportation cost, processing cost of warehouses, construction cost of warehouses, return cost and time cost of penalty. The different number of hubs and different discount factors are set and a genetic algorithm is designed to solve it. 15 countries （nodes） are adopted as a case for the network design. The result shows that the design of the hub-and-spoke network for overseas warehouses （ setting more hubs in the traditional straight-through logistics network） can reduce effectively the total cost and achieve scale benefit. This method is of reference for the development of overseas warehouses.