标志性政府运作型展览会对城市展览业发展的负面效应——以广交会为例

The Negative Effects of the Iconic Government-operating Expositions to the Development of City Exhibition Industry——A Case Study of the Canton Fair

无论国内外,对事件影响研究均是热点课题之一,西方学者对事件社会影响关注较多,而国内较热衷于经济影响,其中又以正面效应居多。展览会是事件领域重要组成,而1957年在广州举办至今一年两届的广交会,属于典型的标志性政府运作型展览会。研究从经济视角,通过文献分析、深度访谈等方法,探讨了广交会对城市展览业发展的负面效应。结果显示:广交会通过利率实现及体系运作对广州展览业形成挤出效应,实际造成挤出效应的是后者;广交会从规模、展品及品牌三方面对其他展览会形成遮蔽效应;对城市展览业发展有重要影响的保障体系资源往广交会倾斜,造成虹吸效应。最后,构建了标志性政府运作型展览会对城市展览业发展的三重负面效应框架。

Both domestically and overseas, events research is one of the hot topics. Western scholars concern more about the social impacts of the events, while domestic scholars are keener on the economic impacts, especially the positive effects. Exhibitions are the important components in events domain. The Canton Fair, which is held in Guangzhou twice a year since 1957, belongs to the typical iconic government-operating expositions. The article, from the economic angle and through methods as literature analysis and in-depth interviews, probes into the negative effects of the Canton Fair to the city exhibition industry development. The results show：（ 1） the Canton Fair forms a crowding-out effect through interest rates realization and system operation and the actual cause of the crowding-out effect is mainly due to the latter factor;（2） the Canton Fair forms a shading effect to other exhibitions from scale, exhibits and brand aspects;（3） The guarantee system resources which are important to the city exhibition development are keen on Canton Fair, then form the siphon effect. At last, it constructs a triple recessive effect framework of the iconic government-operating expositions to the city exhibition industry development.