中国全球健康相关非政府组织的发展策略浅析

Analysis on the development strategy of the Chinese Global Health NGOs

国际非政府组织在全球健康治理中发挥了重要作用,也是各国发挥国际影响力的重要渠道,但中国非政府组织目前参与全球健康治理甚少。本文旨在分析中国非政府组织发展的社会政策环境、健康类非政府组织的发展现状并借鉴国外新兴的全球健康相关非政府组织的经验,为中国扶持非政府组织参与全球健康治理提供策略建议。本文发现,中国参与全球健康治理有较好国际机遇;国内社会组织发展环境趋势向好,但具有依附行政体系、政策定向发展等特点。因为专业性、公共服务属性以及与公共治理相关性小,非政府组织参与全球健康可以得到政府的全力支持。健康类非政府组织数量较少、基础较差、参与国际合作少。不同类型健康类社会组织各有长短,国际经验提示新兴机构主要依靠政府力量扶持非政府组织参与全球健康。建议我国政府采取"重点扶持,整体改善"的策略,制定中国全球健康发展战略,以政府附属与社会精英创办的大型非营利机构为重点扶持对象,引导和资助健康类非营利机构走向国际舞台。

The international NGOs have been playing an important role in global health governance, and also represent a channel for countries to exert international influence. However, the Chinese NGOs are not actively in- volved in global health so far. This purpose of this paper is to analyze and show the picture of the social and political context of NGOs in China, to learn from the experience of emerging global health-related NGOs through describing their development, provides a strategy for China to support NGO participation in the global health governance, and to put forward recommendation on how to develop China＇s global health NGOs based on experiences from international counterparts. The results of this paper found that China has a better international environment, which is a beneficial opportunity for the country to engage in global health governance. Domestic social NGOs are developing progressive- ly, while they are still being harnessed by political safety considerations, for example being affiliated to public admin- istrative system and policy orientation development. However, this would possibly not obstruct health-related NGOs for its minimal political relevance as it is oriented at professionalism, i.e. specialization, public service attributes and relevance to public governance. Therefore, health-related NGOs can have more support from governments since their number is relatively small, with less foundation （ they are undeveloped） and less participation in international cooperation （they lack international involvement）. International experience indicates that supports from governmental enti- ties represent a backbone of the emerging institutions in the participation into the global health programs. The author suggests that the Chinese government should establish a specific global health development strategy of ＂prioritizing and improving the whole＂ and setting up the global development strategy in the county. The government should attach more importance to the government-owned and affiliated and private-capital-supported （social elites） NGOs, guide and subsidize them to the international stage, to engage intensely in global health.