组织、议题与资源动员:“公咨委”公众参与模式对公共政策的影响分析

Organization,Issues and Members:the Public Consultation and Supervision Committee Model and its Impact on Public Policy

当代中国公众参与的理论和实践蓬勃发展。然而,由于政府、公众及外部环境的制约,公众参与在实践中对公共政策过程的影响力具有很大差异性。本文采用个案比较研究的方法,选取广州市两个"公众咨询监督委员会"案例,对其在公共政策过程的影响力进行分析对比,构建制约公众参与影响力的分析框架。公众参与组织形式的准入独立性和财务独立性程度、议题是否事先被结构化、议题对公众的可接受性要求、牵涉到的利益主体的广泛与直接程度,参与的卷入程度,有效动员知识和大众的加盟与否,这些因素都对公共政策过程有显著的影响。

Public participation has developed vibrantly in China, both theoretically and practically. However, due to the factors of the government, the public and the external environment, the impact of public participation on public policy process is limited. Analyzing two cases studies of public consultation and supervision committee in Guangzhou, this research compares different mechanisms of public participation and how they affect public policy process. It is found that the independence of public participation mechanism, the nature of policy issues and the involvement of interest groups and members of the organization affect the effectiveness of public participation and its impact on public policy. Such factors need to be considered to design more effective public participation models for China's further social development.