酿酒原料产地土壤重金属污染评价

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Soil in Sorghum Cultivation Area

为了解酿酒原料产地土壤重金属的环境质量,用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)快速测定四川省泸州市合江县和纳溪区的587个土壤样品的Pb、Zn、Cr、Sr、Rb、Mn、Ti、As、Ni浓度,并分别用地质累积指数法和内梅罗指数法对Pb、Zn、Cr进行污染评价。结果表明,两个区域土壤As、Ni含量低于仪器检出限,Pb、Zn、Sr、Rb、Mn低于背景值,Cr、Ti高于背景值。土壤整体无严重的重金属污染,未受到As、Ni、Pb、Zn污染,受到Cr不同程度的污染。土壤问题暂时不会影响酿酒企业的健康发展,但应采取措施减少土壤Cr含量。两种方法均可用于泸州地区酿酒原料产地的土壤重金属污染评价,地质累积指数法适用于某一种重金属污染评价,内梅罗指数法适用于土壤重金属综合污染评价。

Sorghum is the most important raw material for liquor-making. In order to evaluate heavy metal pollution in the soil in sorghum cultivation area, the content of heavy metals including Pb, Zn, Cr, Sr, Rb, Mn, Ti, As and Ni in 587 soil samples from Hejiang and Naxi in Luzhou was measured rapidly by XRF. Besides, the pollution of Pb, Zn and Cr was assessed by geoaccumulation index and Nemerow pollution index respectively. The results suggested that, the content of As and Ni in all samples was lower than the detection limits, the content of Pb, Zn, Sr, Rb and Mn was below the background value, and the content of Cr and Ti was slightly above the background value. Thus, it indicated that there was no severe heavy metal pollution in the soil there, especially no pollution of As, Ni, Pb and Zn, but the pollution of Cr existed to different degrees. The soil in those area would not have adverse effects on liquor-making temporarily but corresponding measures should be adopted to reduce the content of Cr in the soil. Besides, geoaccumulation index was more suitable to evaluate the pollution of certain heavy metal, while Nemerow index was suitable to evaluate comprehensive pollution of heavy metals in the soil.