SiO_2气凝胶-活性炭复合材料的研究进展

Advances in SiO_2 aerogel-activated carbon composites

活性炭比表面积大、吸附能力强,是污染物控制领域应用最广泛的吸附剂之一,但普通活性炭存在吸附选择性差、在吸附大分子化合物时再生困难以及易燃等问题。SiO_2气凝胶具有易改性,再生效率高等优点。将SiO_2气凝胶和活性炭复合,使两者的优点相结合,可以提高活性炭的吸附选择性和再生效果。本文对SiO_2气凝胶的研究进展及其制备方法做了详细的介绍,并对SiO_2气凝胶-活性炭复合技术进行了总结。

Activated carbon is one of the most widely used adsorbents in the field of pollution control due to its large specific area and strong adsorption capacity. However,there are some problems such as the low adsorption selectivity, regeneration difficulties in adsorption of macromolecular compounds and flammability for the common activated carbons. SiO2 aerogel has the advantages of easy modification and high efficiency of regeneration. SiO2 aerogel-activated carbon composites, combining the advantages of both SiO2 aerogel and activated carbon, can improve the effect of activated carbon adsorption selectivity and regeneration. In this paper, the development and preparation methods of SiO2 aerogel are introduced, and the SiO2 aerogel-aetivated carbon composite technologies are summarized.