科学立法的逻辑

The Logic of Scientific Legislation

在法律审判中,逻辑错误在所难免。导致逻辑错误的原因通常有三:一是法官对法条之误读;二是法条之不明晰性与不恰当性;三是法律体系之不一致性、不完备性和不可判定性。针对前一种原因,需要提供法官的基本素养,而针对后两种原因,则需要科学立法。正因如此,中共十八大报告把"科学立法"作为全面推进依法治国战略的一大方针。科学立法的必要条件之一就是逻辑立法,即立法要符合逻辑标准。科学立法的逻辑标准包括:法律词项之明晰性;法律命题之恰当性;法律体系之一致性、完备性和可判定性。

In a legal trial, it is impossible to avoid all logical errors. There are typically three causes resulting in logical errors. The one is that a judge misreads legal rules or principles. The second is unclearness and inappropriateness of legal statement. And the last is inconsistency, incompleteness, undecidability of legal system. Against the first cause, we should continuously improve a judge＇ s qualities, while, against the latter two causes, we have no other choice than scientific legislation. For this reason, the problem of scientific legislation was put forward in the Report of 18th CPC National Congress. Logical legislation, which means legislation must meet some logical requirements, is one of the necessary conditions for scientific legislation. And these logical re- quirements are as follows： a） clearness of a legal term; b） appropriateness of a legal statement; and c） consistency, completeness, and decidability of a legal system.