别现代:主义的问题与问题的主义——对夏中义先生及其学案派倾向的批评

Bie-postmodernism:Problems with “Isms”——Criticism of Xia Zhongyi's Case Studies of Xue An

通过对夏中义先生朴学主张及其所代表的学案派个案的诊断,得出朴学方法的有限性和只能作为美学方法的补充的结论。近百年来中国学术史、思想史上的问题与主义之争,实际上可以简约为主义的问题和问题的主义。主义的问题在于我们缺乏主义但又不去建立主义,又在于许多外来的主义并不符合中国的实际或者运用不当,因而主义的问题就是主义被搁置了。而问题的主义在于,对任何问题的思考和把握,其主张和路径、方法自然构成主义,但关键在于是否敢于声称并坚持这个主义。因此,对学术和思想来说,主义是一道绕不过去的坎。别现代作为一种理论创新,其主张来自于主义的问题,而又建构问题的主义。与朴学的回溯历史不同,主义的建构指向未来,但同时也有自己的标准去衡量美学的成就并评估"美学先人祠"的人选。美学之所以为美学,除了其学科性,还在于它的思想性、抽象性、主义性,任何以文献"逗哏""捧哏"的方式想要成为美学家的话语表达,都会与美学渐行渐远,乃至小学盛行、大学隐匿。

By analyzing Xia Zhongyi＇s idea of Pu Xue （philology） and his case studies of Xue An （the scholarly cases）, the paper points out Xia＇s idea of Pu Xue is rather limited and can only be regarded as a supplement to aesthetics methods. In the history of Chinese academy and thought, the debates on problems and ＂isms＂ have lasted for 100 years, and it can be briefly summarized as problems with ＂isms＂. The real problem we face is that we haven＇t established our own ＂ism＂, and many ＂isms＂ we borrowed from foreign countries are not feasible or practical in China. Deep thinking and the grasp of real problems contribute to ＂ism＂ which is composed of ideas, routes and methods. The problem is that many scholars are not confident enough to claim that they have their own ＂ism＂ and stick to it. Where there is no ＂ism＂, there are no academic studies or ideas. Bie-postmodernism is an innovation of theory, and it comes from the problems with ＂isms＂ and tries to establish our own ＂ism＂. Different from Pu Xue which traces history, the establishment of our own ＂ism＂ is pointed to the future. It surely has its own criteria to judge aesthetics achievements of the predecessors and evaluate previous scholars in this field. Aesthetics exists as a discipline in its own right. Aesthetics needs serious thoughts, ab- stractions and theories, and playing with references is moving away from it.