超大型自由贸易协定中数字贸易规则及谈判的新趋势

New Trends of the Digital Trade Rules and Negotiations in Mega-Regional Trade Agreements

WTO电子商务规则的缺位,促使许多成员转而在特惠贸易协定中制订规范。TPP、TTIP和TISA三个超大型自由贸易协定的数字贸易谈判尤为活跃。即使TPP短期内难以获得美国批准,TPP数字贸易规则也将成为数字贸易新规则的范本,对未来跨境数据流动规则产生重要影响。以美欧为主的发达经济体还希望通过TTIP、TISA谈判达成更加细化和深化的数字贸易规则。但是由于美欧之间在隐私保护、知识产权、公共服务等方面存在巨大分歧,要想形成更高水平的数字贸易规则势必面临更加艰难的博弈。

The absence of WTO e-commerce rules leads many member states to seek to negotiate digital trade rules in plurilateral trade agreements. Digital trade rules negotiations are especially active in the three main mega--regional trade agreements, namely TPP, TTIP and TISA. Apparently, TPP digital trade rules will become a model text, which will have great influences on future negotiations. The United States and the European Union also aim to achieve higher standard rules in TTIP and TISA. But due to the significant gaps between the two giants on some contentious topics such as privacy protection, intellectual property and public service, more ambitious digital trade rules are very hard to be established in the near future.