长非编码RNA在视网膜发育和眼部病变中的作用

Effect of long noncoding RNA on retinal development and ocular diseases

长非编码RNA（1ncRNA）是一类长度大于200个核苷酸，不具有编码蛋白功能的转录本，在哺乳动物细胞转录本中占很大比例。近年来，旨在阐明lncRNA在发育和疾病中功能的研究急剧增加。已经证实这类非编码RNA可以在表观遗传、转录和转录后水平调控基因表达。视网膜的发育依赖于复杂而精确的转录作用和转录调控。在这些调节机制中，IncRNA起到了重要的作用。现已知或预测lncRNA参与视网膜细胞亚型的分化和发育，并与若干眼部疾病相关。虽然，大部分lncRNA的分子机制还不清楚，但是它们很可能是决定视网膜细胞命运的重要组成部分。在视网膜发育中，IncRNA可诱导细胞分化、影响细胞周期并调控X染色体失活。在无眼畸形、糖尿病视网膜病变和脊髓小脑运动失调7型等眼部疾病中，lncRNA也发挥了重要作用。本文综述lncRNA在视网膜发育及眼部疾病中作用的最新研究进展及存在的问题，对基础和临床研究及药物靶点开发具有重要意义。

Long noncoding RNAs （lncRNAs） are non-protein coding transcript larger than 200 nucleotides, making up a large fraction of cellular transcripts in mammalian. Recent years have seen a surge of studies aimed at functionally characterizing the role of lncRNAs in development and disease. It has been proved that this kind of noncoding RNAs regulate gene expression at epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels. Retinal development is dependent on an accurately functioning network of transcriptional and translational regulators. Among the diverse classes of molecules involved,lncRNAs play a significant role. LncRNAs are known or suspected to play a functional role in the specification and maturation of retinal cell subtypes and involved in several ocular related diseases. Though the molecular mechanism of most lncRNAs is still largely unclear,it is likely that these molecules represent a major component involved in retinal cell fate determination. In the process of retinal development, lncRNAs could induce cell differentiation, affect cell cycle and regulate X chromosome inactivation, lncRNAs also play an important role in ocular diseases, such as anophthalmia, diabetic retinopathy and spinocerebellar movement disorder type 7. This manuscript reviewed recent advances in the role of lncRNAs in retinal development and ocular diseases, and the existing problems, which is of great significance for basic and clinical research and the development of new therapeutic target.