豫中烟区土壤物理性状与养分特性及其关系

Physical character and nutrient characteristics of main tobacco-planting soils in central Henan Province and their relationships

分析了豫中烟区8个主要植烟县的土壤物理性状和养分特性,并对其相关性进行了研究。结果表明,豫中植烟土壤的物理性状较稳定,粒级以粉粒为主,沙粒次之,黏粒含量最低,其中粉粒以粗粉粒>细粉粒>中粉粒;物理性黏粒含量分布为30%~60%,属于中壤土和重壤土;容重分布范围为1.05~1.17 g·cm^(-3),均适宜烟株根系生长;总孔隙度分布范围39.40%~70.15%,2.28%的偏低,40.57%偏高,其中禹州、郏县和叶县均值偏高。养分特性以pH值中性偏碱,有机质、全氮、碱解氮和氯离子含量适宜,速效磷和速效钾含量最适宜,但是除pH值为弱变异外,有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾和碱解氮为中等变异,速效磷、速效钾和氯离子含量为强变异。相关性分析表明,土壤pH值与粗沙粒、黏粒、容重呈极显著正相关,与细沙粒和粉粒呈极显著负相关;有机质、全氮、全磷、速效钾与黏粒呈极显著正相关,而与沙粒、粉粒呈极显著负相关;全钾、碱解氮与孔隙度呈极显著正相关,与粗沙粒、容重呈极显著负相关;速效磷与粉粒呈显著正相关,与粗沙粒呈极显著负相关;氯离子仅与粒级0.5~0.1 mm呈显著正相关。

Physical characteristics and nutrient situation of 8 main tobacco-growing county soil samples in central Henan Province,as well as their correlation were researched. The results showed that the variations of the physical characteristics were relatively stable. The soil particles fraction was enriched in the silt and the sequence of silt was coarse silt,fine silt,and medium silt. The soil physical clay content was from 30% to 60% and the texture was medium loam and heavy loam. The soil bulk density was from 1. 05 g·cm^-3to 1. 17 g·cm^-3and was beneficial to the root growth. The soil porosity was from 39. 40% to 70. 15%,the 2. 28% of all samples was relatively low and 40. 57% was high,and the average means of soil porosity were relatively high in Yuzhou,Jiaxian and Yexian. The soil pHwas maintained neutrality skew alkaline character. The organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen and chloride iron contents were optimum and the available phosphorus and available potassium contents were the most suitable. However,except for the pH value,the variation coefficient of organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium and available nitrogen belong to intermediate and the available phosphorus,available potassium and chloride content were strong. The correlation analysis indicated that there was extremely significant positive correlation between the pH value and coarse sand,clay,and bulk density,while negative correlation with fine sand and silt. There was very significant positive correlation between the organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and clay,while negative with sand and silt. There was highly significant positive correlation between total potassium,available nitrogen and porosity,and negative with coarse sand and bulk density. The available phosphorus had a significant positive correlation with silt and a very significant negative correlation with coarse sand. The chloride only took a significant positive correlation with the fraction 0. 5 - 0. 1 mm.