基于视觉感知分层的数字界面颜色编码研究

Color Encoding Research of Digital Display Interface Based on the Visual Perceptual Layering

复杂系统数字界面中的颜色编码对界面设计有十分重要的影响,如何通过颜色编码降低视觉信息混乱、提高认知绩效是优化界面设计中有待研究的课题。针对视觉的层次化感知引导人的注意捕获和视觉行为,在色彩体系和注意捕获理论基础上,通过对视觉感知分层和注意捕获程度的关联分析,提出利用两颜色之间的相互干扰反应时间之差判断其注意捕获程度。采用蒙赛尔色立体中的颜色心理三属性在知觉上的等距离划分,设计颜色的注意捕获试验,结合色差对不同色相、明度和饱和度的视觉感知层次和注意捕获程度进行判定、整合,并对比不同色差大小对认知速度的影响,分析结果表明:黑色背景下,除红色外仅色相不同的颜色在视觉感知上处于同一层;随着明度和饱和度的减少,视觉感知层次降低;目标与干扰物的色差固定时,低明度颜色对比高明度颜色对有更好的识别绩效。以飞机辅助起飞系统弯道情境仿真界面设计为例,验证了距离高饱和的目标色相同色差时,低明度背景上的目标认知绩效优于高明度背景。

The color encoding in digital interfaces of complex systems has an important influence on the interface design. How to use reasonable color encoding to reduce visual information chaos and improve cognitive performance is remain a problem for optimizing the interface design. Considering the visual layered perception guide attentional capture and visual behavior, relationships between visual perceptual layers and attentional capture levels are analyzed on the basis of color system and capture attention theory. Any two colors＇ levels of attentional capture are judged by searching times of it＇s interfere with each other. The pay attention to capture color test is held with the equidistance division on human＇s perception according to the three color attributes of Munsell color solid. Combined with the color difference, visual perceptual layers and attentional capture levels for different hue, lightness and saturation are obtained by identifying and integrating, and the influences of color differences on cognitive speeds are compared. The results show that colors with different hue lie on the same visual perception level besides red under the black background. A lower visual perception level goes with the reduction of lightness and saturation. Under a fixed color difference between the target and the distractor, colors with the lower lightness have better recognition performances than those with the higher ones. With the same color difference between low light backgrounds and high light backgrounds to the saturated target, the optimal cognitive performance of the former is verified, on emulational interface design of the corner situation of airplane assist takeoff system.