基于离散时间马尔科夫链的塔台管制员注视转移差异性研究

Difference study of gaze transition for tower controllers based on discrete time Markov chain

为研究塔台管制员在不同工作负荷下注视转移模式的差异,构建了模拟塔台管制的眼动试验平台,根据航班流量密度设计简单和困难2组试验。利用NASA-TLX量表评价被试者在2组试验中的工作负荷,应用离散时间马尔科夫链(discrete time Markov chain,DTMC)计算被试者在兴趣区间的注视一步转移概率,利用SPSS软件分析2组试验中被试在各兴趣区组的注视一步转移概率差异性。结果发现:被试者的工作负荷随航班流量密度增大而增大。航班流量密度增大后,被试者在场面监视雷达区内的注视转移显著增加,由场面监视雷达区向空域监视雷达区和指令栏区的注视转移显著减少,在进程单区内的注视转移显著增加。管制员的注意力更容易向能获取更多信息的区域发生转移。

To explore the difference of gaze transition mode for tower traffic controllers in different workload, an eye-tracking ex- periment platform to simulate the tower control was established. According to the flights traffic density, two experiments inclu- ding simple scenario and difficult scenario were designed. NASA-Task Load Index （NASA-TLX） and discrete time Markov chain （DTMC） were separately utilized to evaluate subjects＇ workload in the two experiments and calculate subjects~ gaze one-step transition probability in areas of interest（AOIs）. The difference of subjects＇ gaze one-step transition probability in areas of inter- est （AOIs） were analyzed by using SPSS software. Results show that subject＇ workload increases with the increase of the flights traffic density. After the increase of flights traffic density, there is a significant increase of subjects＇ gaze transition in the field surveillance radar area. Meanwhile, there is a significant decrease of subjects＇ gaze transition from the field surveillance radar ar- ea to the airspace surveillance radar area and the command bar area. In addition, there is a significant increase of subjects＇ gaze transition in the flight progress strip area. The controllers＇ attention is easier to transfer to the area where they can get more in- formation.