生物有机肥对新整理烟田古菌群落组成的影响

Effects of applying biological organic manure on archaea community in newly consolidated tobacco field

适宜的土壤微生物环境是烟草优质适产的必要条件，古菌对土壤生态系统碳氮循环起着非常重要作用。本研究采用定点田间试验的方法，研究了磷肥和生物有机肥连续三年配施对新整理黄壤烟田烤烟产质量与烟田古菌群落结构的影响。结果表明，新整理黄壤烟田土壤古菌群落主要由奇古菌门、广古菌门和未分类古菌门这三个菌门组成，其中奇古菌门的古菌数量较多；连续三年施用生物有机肥土壤古菌群落多样性提高，菌属种类增加7～13个，76．5％的菌属相对丰度高于传统施肥，施用生物有机肥的处理各菌门分布更为均匀，这有利于烟田土壤微生物生态系统趋于稳定，尤其是生物有机肥与磷肥配施效果更佳。随着烟田土壤古菌群落结构的改善，烟叶的产量、产值与上中等烟比例分别比传统施肥增加3．0％、3．7％和8．5％以上，烤烟经济效益明显提高。对于新整理黄壤烟田，采用基施生物有机肥配合根际营养土的方式，能够提高土壤古菌群落的多样性，有利于增强烟田土壤微生物生态系统的稳定性，提高烟叶质量和上中等烟比例。

Suitable soil microbial environment is essential for high-quality tobacco, and archaea community plays a very important role in carbon and nitrogen cycling of soil ecosystem. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of applying biological organic manure with phosphorus fertilizer on tobacco quality in newly consolidated tobacco field and archaea community structure in three consecutive years. Results showed that archaea community of newly consolidated tobacco-planting field was composed of Thaumarchaeota, Euryarchaeota and Archaea_unclassified. Application of biological organic manure in three consecutive years increased the number of archaea species by seven to thirteen, and relative abundances of 76.5% archaea genera were higher than those of traditional fertilizer treatment alone. Application of bio-organic fertilizer led to more evenly distributed bacterium, which was conducive to stabilize soil microbe ecosystem, and application of biological organic manure with phosphorus fertilizer yielded better results. The improvement of archaea community structure in tobacco fields significantly increased yield, output value and percentage of high and middle grade tobacco by 3.0%, 3.7% and 8.5%, so that the economic efficiency of flue-cured tobacco was significantly improved. For newly consolidated tobacco-planting field, application of biological organic manure and rhizosphere nutrient soil can be used to improve soil quality and hence diversity of soil archaea community.